Aug 19

Black Creek & Willshire Radio Set Owners in 1930

A few years ago I did some research for someone and the one piece of information that the client found most interesting was that his relative owned a radio in 1930. Yes, question number 9 on the 1930 census asked if the family owned a radio set.

1930 Census, Black Creek Twp, p.3A, Radio Set, question 9

By 1930 radio broadcasting had been around for a decade. Live musical performance was popular in the early years of radio and dramas, comedy acts, talk and educational programs became popular soon after.

Some of the most popular shows included Amos ‘n’ Andy, Abbott & Costello, The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet, Bell Telephone Hour, Burns & Allen, The Danny Kaye Show, Dick Tracy, Dragnet, Eddie Cantor, Gene Autry’s Melody Ranch, The General Electric Concert, The Green Hornet, Guiding Light, Hallmark Playhouse, Hopalong Cassidy, Jack Benny, Kraft Music Hall, The Life of Riley, The Lone Ranger, Maxwell House Showboat, Mercury Theater on the Air, Our Gal Sunday, Palmolive Beauty Box Theater, The Pepsodent Show, Perry Mason, Philip Morris Playhouse, Queen for the Day, Red Skelton, Ripley’s Believe it or Not, Roy Rogers Show, Tarzan, Dinah Shore Show, Ed Sullivan Show, This is Your Life, Truth or Consequences, Waldorf-Astoria Orchestra, to name a few. Many of these radio shows later became TV shows. Radio news came to the airwaves during World War II.

It was the Golden Age of Radio.

In 1930 it is estimated that 40% of households owned a radio. That statistic was fairly accurate for our rural area, too. Below I have copied the radio set owners in Black Creek Township and the village of Willshire, as reported in the 1930 census, with the spelling of names pretty much as indexed on Ancestry.com. In Black Creek Township, 78 of the 224 households (35%) owned radios and in the village of Willshire, 62 of 139 households (44%) owned radios.

Perhaps your family owned a radio in 1930.

Those who owned radios (and their age) in Black Creek Township in 1930:
Chancy A Gephart, 54
Wilbur M Smalley, 38
John B Fleming, 50
Orvil R Brookhart, 34
Homer Buchanan, 45
Alfred Miller, 43
Emanuel Hurles, 46
C Leroy Pifer, 38
Ruben Witter, 51
John Leistner, 43
Charles H Sample, 55
Dessie Morrison, 54
John Dellinger, 39
Fredrick Kidd, 49
Jesse King, 31
Solomon King, 54
John Myers, 62
William E Hamrick, 39
Earl Case, 48
Frank Garwood, 45
James P Riley, 56
Auston Evens, 79
William G White, 31
Emanuel Stetler, 49
Jess A Pickering, 48
Melvin Stetler, 59
Floyd Hill, 34
Albert Hamrick, 29
James Figley, 45
Dillan Jordan, 44
Michael Kallenberger, 59
Wilber C Stover, 26
John McGough, 55
Thomas J Dellinger, 54
Otto A Brandt, 56
John M Byer, 58
Anton M Jones, 43
Gale Hook, 47
William H Hoblet, 51
Fredrick Hartzog, 65
Carl C Kessler, 37
Fredrick W Becher, 43
Augustus Bollenbaugh, 51
Martin Affolder, 41
Fred Diener Jr, 39
Lewis G Baker, 63
William R McDougle, 55
Emma Graubarger, 51
William F Detro, 67
Walter G Detro, 34
John H Kettering, 47
Willets U Carr, 58
Oscar Pifer, 56
J Calvin Figley, 72
Herber Martz, 35
Charles A Branstetter, 50
Charles A Kuhn, 52
Elmer Haver, 50
Adam Alt, 50
William Hoverman, 44
Otto Growth, 56
PT Spangler, 48
Jess E Crabtree, 35
Ernest S Statter, 52
Elara E Rogers, 54
Otto Linn, 36
Nellie Cross, 42
William D Andrews, 41
Cloyd E Stover, 39
Ralph R Stover, 22
William B Rumple, 44
Pearl D Spitler, 50
Russell Stetler, 31
Clyde Johnson, 27
Frank H Springer, 61
Andrew Harb, 66
Jack L Brasher, 28
Arthur H Bailey, 56

My grandfather Carl Miller, who lived in Black Creek Township, did not own a radio in 1930.

Those who owned radios (and their age) in the village of Willshire in 1930:
John Young, 26
John Knott, 52
Charity Brown, 54
Floyd Strickler, 31
Mary E Beam, 74
Sherman Liming, 34
Henry Dellinger, 42
Garey D Mercer, 62
James G Bilderback, 62
George J Buckley, 37
Grover, C Inman, 45
Price McClure, 35
Walter Stetler, 35
Charles H Miller, 45
Ralph L Peden, 41
Thomas Jones, 35
Earl Stetler, 34
Clarence Hoblet, 47
Foster Coil, 25
Frank A Miller, 51
William H Ayers, 73
Russel O Dull, 37
Steve F Buchanan, 81
Elijah H Alspaugh, 52
Dale Cowan, 42
Dale Clouse, 22
Grant Strickler, 61
Clarence Laughrey, 30
Walter Scott, 41
Miles Ross, 31
Logan Wolf, 58
Ottis P Spitler, 554
William Spitler, 58
Herman Myers, 30
Frank Detter, 57
Harriet Colter, 53
Frank Cronister, 40
Roland Detter, 27
James H Frye, 88
Chalmer Edwards, 27
Mary Snyder, 54
Rosa Price, 61
Jerome Morrison, 27
Joseph M Winkler, 56
Clarence Giessler, 39
Hattie Koontz, 59
John Hoblet, 84
Samuel Dellinger, 35
David Morrison, 64
Felix Yoss, 32
Lawrence Dellinger, 25
Jess Spitler, 29
Ira E Huber, 34
Glen Spitler, 31
Elihu Johnson, 73
Chauncey J Fisher, 47
James Buchanan, 67
Ward W Acheson, 44
Harry Workinger, 28
Daniel Geary, 63
Lillian Cowan, 54
William Counterman, 55

I can visualize families and others gathered around the radio in the evening, listening to live entertainment shows and their other favorite radio programs.

Aug 16

Tombstone Tuesday-Rosa (Lillich) Buechner

Rosa (Lillich) Buechner, Zion Lutheran Cemetery, Van Wert County, Ohio. (2012 photo by Karen)

This is the tombstone of Rosa (Lillich) Buechner, located in row 11 of Zion Lutheran Cemetery, Schumm, Van Wert County, Ohio. The marker is inscribed:

ROSA
Wife of Henry
BUECHNER
1862-1929

Rosa Elizabeth Lillich was born in Van Wert County on 13 September 1862, the daughter of Fredrick [Samuel] and Sarah (Shell) Lillich. [1]

The Fredrick Lillich family in 1870, when Rosa was 8 years old: Frederick, 44; Sarah, 33; Catharine, 13; Rebecca, 11; Rosina, 8; Samuel F, 5; Sarah A, 3; William H, 12. The father Fredrick was a farmer, born in Germany. The other members of the household were born in Ohio. [2]

The same Lillich family in 1880: Frederick Lillich, 51; Sarah, 43, wife; Rebecca, 21, daughter; Rose Eliz, 17, daughter; Frederick S, 15, son; Sarah U, 13, daughter; William H, 10, son; Charlotte L, 8, daughter; John A, 6, son; George F, 3, son; Emma Isadore, 11 mo, daughter; John R Ellinger, 19, nephew. [3]

Rosa Lillich married Henry Conrad Buechner on 9 April 1896, married at Zion Lutheran, Schumm, by Rev. Seemeyer. [4]

After their marriage Henry and Rosa Buechner lived in Blackcreek Township, Mercer County, Ohio, where Henry farmed. They raised their three children, Fred, Leona, and Lawrence on their Blackcreek Township farm and the family was enumerated there in the 1900, 1910, and 1920 censuses.

Rosa (Lillich) Buehner died of influenza with pneumonia and pleurisy on 1 January 1929. She was 66 years, 3 months, and 17 days old and died in Blackcreek Township, Mercer County, likely at her home there. Rosa was buried on the 4th. [1] [5]

By 1930 widower Henry Buechner, daughter Leona, 29, and son Lawrence, 26, both single, had moved into the village of Willshire and lived on State Street there. Henry worked on the state road, Leona did housework, and Lawrence worked at a grain elevator. [6]

Rosa’s husband Henry Buechner died on 28 May 1931 in Willshire and is also buried in row 11 of Zion’s cemetery. [6]

Henry and Rosa (Lillich) Buechner had the following children:
Fredrick John Buechner (1897-1964), married Julia G Schumm
Leona Emma Buechner (1900-1994), married Earl C Shuherk
Lawrence Emanuel Buechner (1903-1970), married Myrtle Winkler

It is interesting to note that Rosa Lillich’s sister Louisa (1872-1963) married John Adam Buechner (1865-1933), the brother of Rosa’s husband Henry C. Buechner. Another example of sisters marrying brothers.

[1] Ohio Deaths, Mercer, Blackcreek, file no. 7706, Rose Buechner, 1 Jan 1929; FamilySearch.org, viewed 14 Aug 2022. 

[2] 1870 U.S. Census, Willshire, Van Wert, Ohio, p. 445B, dwelling217, family 218, Frederic Lillich; Ancestry.com, viewed 16 Aug 2022.

[3] 1880 U.S. Census, Willshire, Van Wert, Ohio, ED 154, p.450D, family 138, Frederick Lillick; Ancestry.com, viewed 16 Aug 2022.

[4] “Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016,” Van Wert, Vol. 8, p.478, Henry Buechner & Rosa Lillich, 9 Apr 1896; database with images, FamilySearch.org, viewed 1 Aug 2022.

[5] Ohio Deaths, 1908-1932, 1938-1944, 1958-2007, Ohio Department of Health, Rose Buechner, 1 Jan 1929; Ancestry.com, viewed 16 Aug 2022.

[6] 1930 U.S. Census, Willshire, Van Wert, Ohio, ED 22, p.5A, dwelling & family 109, Henry Buechner; digital image by subscription Ancestry.com, viewed 1 Aug 2022.

[7] “Ohio, County Death Records, 1840-2001,” Willshire Township, Van Wert, Henry Buechner, 28 May 1931; database with images, FamilySearch.org, viewed 1 Aug 2022.

Aug 12

Some Mercer County Deaths, 1850 Mortality Schedule

Last week I wrote about the remarks census taker Willshire Riley made in Mercer County’s 1850 Mortality Schedule. The 1850 Mortality Schedule reported the county deaths of those who died between 1 June 1849 and 31 May 1850, the year prior to census day, which was 1 June 1850.

Mercer County’s 1850 Mortality Schedule consists of 6 pages and includes 177 deaths. Willshire Riley recorded 126 deaths on the first 4 pages, in townships Union, Dublin, Marion, Granville, Butler, Franklin, Jefferson, Hopewell, and Center, and made remarks on each of those pages.

Vincent Bebout recorded 51 deaths the other 2 pages but he did not indicate what townships he recorded. He may have recorded deaths in the remaining five townships, Blackcreek, Liberty, Gibson, Recovery, and Washington. We don’t know.

Since Bebout may have recorded deaths in some of the northern townships, below is his list of Mercer County deaths during the year before the 1850 census was taken. After that I include Dublin and Hopewell Township, as recorded by Riley.  

The information below includes: name, age, marital status if given, where born, month of death, cause of death, number of days ill.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, p.739:
Barnet, Jacob, 38, Marr, Ger [Germany], Mar, congestion, 8
Barnet, Margt, 34, Wid, Ger, Aug, cholera, 1
Wise, Barbara, 1 mo, OH, Jul, croup, 1
Bushaw, Ann, 1, OH, Apr, fever, 19
Granger, Ann, 2, Eng, May, unknown, 3
Jones, Rachel, 10, OH, Jul, scarlet fever, 5
Jones, Wm, 8, OH, Jul, scarlet fever, 11
Jones, Geo W, 6, OH, Jul, scarlet fever, 11
Doll, John, 37, Marr, Ger, Nov, consumption, 9
Doll, John, 10, OH, Jul, unknown, 8
Doll, Mary Ann, 3, OH, Nov, measles, 8
Doll, Mary, 1, OH, Aug, fits, 8
Doll, Tacia, 1, OH, May, fever, 18
Lotzer, Joseph, 4, OH, Aug, cholera, ½
Follett, Tacia, 31, Ger, Aug, cholera, 1
Downs, Hannah, 2, OH, Aug, scarlet fever, 28

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer Co, OH, p739, unknown twp.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, p.762:
Batcher, Jacob, 1 mo, OH, Jan, fits, 1 hr
Kimmel, Taylor, 1 mo, OH, Feb, croup, 1
Nesley, Christian, 67, (female), Wid, Ger, Feb, old age
Nicholson, Isaac, 43, Marr, PA, Oct, inflammation, 7
Dornet, Stephen, 8 mo, OH, Aug, diarrhea, 30
Adams, Solomon, 2, OH, Nov, croup, 1
Freeman, Ann, 35, Marr, OH, Apr, congestion, 6
Davison, James, 38, Marr, Ireland, Jan, inflammation on brain, 2 ½ mo
Lininger, Mary, 1 mo, OH, Feb, unknown, 1 hr
Dixon, Taylor, 1 mo, OH, Mar, unknown, 1 hr
Wilson, Nancy, 3 mo, OH, Jan, congestion, 8
Herod, Susanna, 2 mo, OH, Mar, fits, 11
Franklin, Francis M, 8 mo, (male) OH, Aug, unknown, 4
Byerley, Jacob, 3, OH, Feb, unknown, 1
Carmack, Cath, 6 mo, OH, Jul, flux, 1
Carmack, Mary E, 2, OH, Jul, scarlet fever, 25
Lawridge, Joseph, 1 mo, OH Mar, croup, 1
Lipps, Sarah, 46, VA, Nov, unknown, 18
Rance, Martha, 3, OH, Sep, liver compt, 8
Painter, Mary, 36, OH, Aug, unknown, 10
Painter, Mary, 3, OH, Feb, scarlet fever, 40
Rockwell, Thos, 2 OH, Mar, scarlet fever, 8
Myers, Henry A, 10 mo, OH, Feb, croup, 1
Ellis, Susanna, 33, Marr, RD, Sep, fever, 2
Myers, Henry A, 9 mo, OH, Mar, croup, 1
Dunwoody, Harrison, 14, OH, Sep, fever, 35
Nickison, Taylor, 1 mo, OH, Jan, croup 1
Adney, John S, 42, Marr, VA, Dec, lung fever, 4
Matthews, Magdaline, 2, OH, Mar, croup, 3
Troutman, Mary, 5, OH, Aug, cholera, 1
Ovelman, Mary, 28, Ger, Aug, cholera, 3
Troutman, Geo, 60, Marr, Ger, Aug, cholera, 1
Troutman, Susan, 58, Marr, Ger, Aug, cholera, 2
Gerger, Mary, 34, Marr, Ger, Aug, cholera, 1
Cramer, Mary, 30, Ger, Aug, cholera, 1

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer Co, Ohio, p.762, unknown townships.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Dublin Twp, Mercer County, Ohio, p.737:
Crantz, Elizabeth, 65, NJ, Oct, consumption, 1 mo
Patterson, Wm, 2, OH, Aug, sum compt, 2 mo
Wiley, Ellen C, 1, OH, Oct, cholera, 1/3
Roebuck, Harriet, 6 mo, OH, Jun, liver compt, 9
Hedges, Sarah, 8, OH, Dec, scarlet fever, 9
Moore, Chas, C, 10 mo, OH, Feb, dropsy, 3
Work, Taylor, 6 mo, OH, Jan, C, 6 mo
Chivington, Jos, 6, OH, Jan, winter fever, 7
Gran/Grau, Palmer, 32, Marr, OH, Oct, cholera, 1/3
Dugdale, TG, 26, Marr, OH, Oct, cholera, 6 (physician)

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, p.737, includes Dublin Twp.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Hopewell Twp, Mercer County, Ohio, no page no. [Ancestry.com image 4]:
Hamline, —, 1 mo, (female), OH, May, C, 14
Patterson, 18, VA, Dec, consumption, 1 yr
Updyke, Isaac, 22, OH, Sep, cholera, 3
Updyke, Jacob, 26, OH, Sep, cholera, 1

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, no pg no., includes Hopewell Twp.

These records indicate that there were many deaths of children under a year old. Some families suffered several losses.

Diseases included Cholera, Scarlet Fever, Summer Complaint (diarrhea & high fever), Winter Fever (pneumonia), Consumption (TB; lung disease, wasting away), Flux (dysentery), and Croup (upper airway infection). Most died within a few days.   

Source: 1850 U.S. Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, p.739, 762, 737, Ancestry.com, viewed 11 Aug 2022.

Aug 09

Tombstone Tuesday-Knights of Pythias Symbol

The Knights of Pythias was officially founded in Washington DC in 1864 by Justus Rathbone, founded as a secret fraternal society for government clerks. The order is based on the story Damon and Pythias [Phintias], members of a school founded by the 5th century B.C. philosopher Pythagoras. Rathbone was influenced by the story and formed the fraternal society based on the traits of friendship, benevolence, and charity. The Knights of Pythias was the first fraternal society to receive a Congressional charter.

Knights of Pythias, “Friendship, Charity, Benevolence,” Woodlawn Cemetery, Ohio City, Ohio

The Knights of Pythias follows the principles of Friendship, Charity, and Benevolence. The first letters of these words, F, C, B, are usually used for their tombstone inscription, sometimes with the image of a shield and knight.

The society had over 900,000 members at its peak in 1923 but lost many members during the Great Depression. There were less than 10,000 members at the end of the twentieth century. Today, the Knights of Pythias exist in most states and provinces across the United States, Canada, and Europe. They support charitable, benevolent, fraternal, and social activities in their lodges and in the communities they serve. They support many charities, but primarily the American Cancer Society.   

Knights of Pythias symbol, “Friendship, Charity, Benevolence,” Greenlawn Cemetery, Wapakoneta, Ohio

Green Park Cemetery, Portland, Jay County, Indiana

The Knights of Pythias has a strong crusader and military flavor in their rituals and regalia and their badge consists of a blue, yellow, and red triangle with the letters F, C, B.

Knights of Pythias, Union Cemetery, Darke County, Ohio

The above tombstone has additional letters added to their usual inscription, but I do not know what the additional letters stand for.

Knights of Pythias, Willshire.

Willshire had a Knights of Pythias lodge at one time. Their symbol is visible on the second level of the building that houses Willshire Home Furnishings today. Willshire also had a Pythian Sisters lodge, their female auxiliary.

Knight of Pythias once had a lodge in Willshire.

Aug 05

Remarks in Mercer County’s 1850 Mortality Schedule

Mercer County, Ohio’s 1850 Mortality Schedule is rather interesting. Not just because it has information about individuals in the county who died sometime during the 12 months prior to the 1850 census day, 1 June 1850, but because one of the enumerators wrote remarks in the Remarks section at the bottom of the pages. Reading remarks on an old document is usually pretty interesting.

Mortality Schedules were created from 1850-1880, separate schedules to supplement the censuses that were taken every 10 years. Mortality Schedules reported deaths occurring the year prior to census day. Census day in 1850 was 1 June, the day from which family information was to be collected. The 1850 Mortality Schedule was to include those who died between 1 June 1849-31 May 1850. 

1850 Mercer County, Ohio, Mortality Schedule

Two people enumerated the 1850 Mortality Schedule in Mercer County, Willshire Riley and Vincent Bebout. This schedule is small, consisting of only 6 pages. These 6 pages report a total of 177 deaths. Willshire Riley recorded 126 deaths on 4 pages and Vincent Bebout recorded 51 deaths on 2 pages.

The interesting thing is that Willshire Riley wrote remarks on each of his 4 pages. Although Riley seemed more interested in recording the soil and land conditions than he was in recording the mortality information, he made some interesting observations.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, remarks by Willshire Riley

Riley recorded deaths in the townships of Union, Dublin, Marion, Granville, Butler, Franklin, Jefferson, Hopewell, and Center. Bebout did not indicate the townships he recorded, but one would assume they were the remaining five townships, Blackcreek, Liberty, Gibson, Recovery, and Washington.

Cholera was a major cause of death during that time period. So was smallpox. Other common fatal diseases in the county included scarlet fever, consumption, and measles. 

Some of the writing was difficult to read and I have underlined words that I was unsure of.

Mercer County, Ohio, 1850 Mortality Schedule, as reported by Willshire Riley:

p.737, Union & Dublin Townships
Union had 11 deaths, 1 from cholera
Dublin had 10 deaths, 3 from cholera.
One of the Dublin cholera deaths was T. [L?] G. Dugdale, 26, a physician.
Remarks: Union Twp escaped the pestilence which swept over the County last year. It being settled altogether by farmers & one leading thoroughfare running through it. Soil rich producing all kinds of grain well, also well adapted to the raising of grass. Well watered land rolling. Timber much the same as Jefferson Tp. Water limestone & sulphur ranging in the depth from 20 to sixty feet. There are a great many fountains within this township, these are obtained by [?] to an average depth of 50 feet & are invariably sulpher.

1850 Mortality Schedule, Mercer County, Ohio, Dublin Twp.

p.754, Marion Township
Marion had 35 deaths, 21 from cholera
One child, a one year-old, died from “tething” for 42 days, which I assume was teething. Another child died from burns and another from “fits,” which could have been epilepsy we know it today.
Remarks: This Township is somewhat rolling, but few small streams. Soil a black loam with a yellow clay subsoil. Water generally limestone, with the southern part some sulphurs, obtained at a depth of from 15-20 feet. Timber generally burch with hickory, ash, walnut, bur, red & black oak & some cherry. Thickly settled by Germans with a Negro settlement in the N.W. corner. Cholera now fatal in this than any other Township in the County.

p.753: Granville, Butler, Franklin Townships
Granville had 14 deaths, 5 from cholera
Butler had 12 deaths, 1 from cholera
Franklin had 9 deaths, 1 from cholera
One 28 year-old man fell out of a tree in Granville Township.
Remarks: Granville & Butler Tps, considerable of Cholera throughout last summer. Somewhat rolling & reasonably well watered, streams small. Water a limestone at a depth of twenty-five feet, soil mostly a black loam sandy in many places.
Franklin Tp: Much the same as above.

No page number, Marion, Jefferson, Hopewell, Center Townships
Marion had 13 deaths, 1 from cholera [probably a continuation of the township from p.754]
Jefferson had 12 deaths, 1 from cholera & 5 from smallpox
Hopewell had 4 deaths, 2 from cholera
Center had 6 deaths, 1 from cholera and one from smallpox
Remarks:
Jefferson Tp: The smallpox raged with great virulence in this Tp throughout the months of Dec, Jany, & Feby (proving fatal in but few cases however). Soil a black loam on a limestone foundation. Water limestone. Timber burch, bur, white, red & black oak, sugar, hickory, ash, elm & cherry. A large portion of the land in a wild state though getting rapidly [?]. Ground somewhat undulating. The only stream Beaver River. Water flows almost unlimited from the Mercer County Reservoir which bounds it on the south.
Hopewell & Center Tp: Soil, Timber & water much the same as Jefferson Tp, but sparsely settled, a great portion of the land being owned by speculators.   

The final two pages in Mercer County’s 1850 Mortality Schedule were enumerated by Vincent Bebout, who did not write any remarks nor did he indicate what township he was reporting on. Bebout recorded 51 deaths, 2 from cholera on page 735 [or 739] and 6 from cholera on page 762. Scarlet fever was also the cause of several deaths. Bebout probably reported on the townships not covered by Riley, Blackcreek, Liberty, Gibson, Recovery, and Washington.  

I noticed a high number of infant and children deaths in this Mortality Schedule. Cholera was bad and people usually died within 1-3 days. Many passed away after being ill one day. People lingered longer with scarlet fever and smallpox, often 8-14 days.

I also checked the 3 pages of Willshire Township’s 1850 Mortality Schedule, but unfortunately enumerator S.E. Brown did not make any notable comments. Brown wrote just one comment at the end, stating that he carefully recorded the deaths and followed the instructions. It is no surprise that in Willshire Township there were several cholera deaths, as well as deaths from scarlet fever, smallpox, and other causes.

The questions asked on the 1850 Mortality Schedule: Name, age, sex, color, free or slave, married or widowed, place of birth, month died, profession, disease, number of days ill.

This can be a good source of information, particularly if your ancestor deemed to “disappear” by the 1850 census.

Source: 1850 U.S. Mortality Schedule, Mercer County & Van Wert County, Ohio, Ancestry.com, viewed 4 Aug 2022.